The ribosome, a molecular machine and protein factory that decodes messenger RNA to build proteins in cells, was historically considered to be a homogeneous entity with universal assembly and functions. However, research over the past decade is painting a whole new perspective. This perspective postulates that ribosomes are heterogeneous in nature and this variability can distinctly impact the cellular functions...
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Ribosomes are essential organelles involved in protein biosynthesis, found universally in all living organisms. Their primary function is to translate the genetic information stored in messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein chains. This complex process is flawlessly coordinated, happens rapidly, and forms the molecular framework for all forms of life...
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Myocardial Infarction (MI), more commonly known as a heart attack, is a serious health issue that takes place when the heart muscle doesn't receive enough blood due to obstructions. These obstructions typically result from the accumulation of substances such as fat and cholesterol, leading to plaque formation in the coronary arteries - the key blood suppliers to the heart muscle...
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Cardiac hypertrophy is a medical condition characterized by the enlargement and thickening of heart muscles. While various physiological and pathological factors contribute to this condition, recent studies have shed light on the potential role of ribosomes in cardiac hypertrophy. By understanding this involvement, researchers are hoping to provide groundbreaking treatments which could significantly augment the medical field...
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Atherosclerosis is a health condition that manifests through the stiffening and narrowing of arteries due to the layers of plaque buildup. This plaque consists of excess fat, cholesterol, and other substances, which impedes blood flow, leading to severe health repercussions like heart attacks or strokes. This condition is propelled by the unusual multiplication of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and persistent inflammation...
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Ribosomes are hardworking molecular machines that produce proteins at a rate of up to 20 amino acids per second. They read RNA templates transcribed from DNA and use this information to string together amino acids into proteins. Artificial ribosomes are synthetic biological systems constructed using genetic engineering methods that can mimic the function of natural ribosomes to synthesize proteins...
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and can lead to respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 modulates host cell ribosome biology through multiple pathways, facilitating immune evasion and viral replication...
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The evolutionary history of ribosomes, one of the most fundamental molecular machines in life, dates back to the earliest origins of life. Ribosomes are complex structures composed of different kinds of proteins and RNAs, and there are many differences among different species of organisms, but they all follow common biochemical principles. It is speculated that the original ribosomes may have been assembled from RNA molecules...
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The large ribosomal subunit is an important component of the ribosome and a potential target for new antibiotics. Peptide antibiotics targeting the large ribosomal subunit have become a hot topic in the development of the next generation of antibiotics. Unlike traditional antibiotics, peptide antibiotics are small molecules composed of amino acids that...
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In recent years, the overuse of antibiotics and the increasing problem of antibiotic pollution from major environmental sources such as purines and tetracyclines have resulted in the growing issue of bacterial resistance in the medical field. Therefore, the development of new antibiotics has become a common area of focus for researchers...
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Ribosomal frameshifting, also known as translational frameshifting, refers to the phenomenon where the amino acid sequence translated during protein synthesis is different from the original codon sequence due to the misalignment and sliding of ribosomes. In normal cells, ribosomes read the genetic information in mRNA, which...
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Ribosomal proteins, also known as r-proteins or rProtein, are proteins involved in the process of ribosome biosynthesis. They synthesize proteins by translating information from RNA. The main function of ribosomal proteins is to cooperate with RNA to form ribosomal subunits and large ribosomes, thus facilitating the synthesis of polypeptide chains...
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Ribosome display is an in vitro protein evolution technology used to identify proteins that strongly bind to targets. Other methods similar to this technique include phage display, mRNA display, and yeast display. In addition to being used to study protein-protein interactions that occur in daily metabolic processes...
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Ribosomes are essential molecular machinery responsible for protein synthesis in cells. Their main function is to convert information from RNA templates into protein sequences. Because bacterial and human ribosomes have structural and functional differences, there is a class of antibiotics that target bacterial ribosomes...
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The SD sequence (Shine-Dalgarno sequence) was first proposed by scientists John Shine and Lynn Dalgarno in 1974. The SD sequence is the binding site of ribosomes on mRNA, usually located 6-8 bases upstream of the start codon AUG in the non-coding region. The length of the SD sequence is about...
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One of the hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases is the accumulation of protein inclusions and translational deficits might account for altered protein homeostasis with a toxic impact on cell functions and survival. Deficits in rRNA synthesis and processing have strong effects on neuronal function and survival, and multiple modalities account for their toxic impact...
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Ribosomes act as important translators of proteins and important participants in gene expression. It has been indicated that ribosome heterogeneity is related to the regulation of the expression of distinct genes. Creative Biolabs offers advanced technologies to help researchers to investigate the differences among ribosome structures and functions and find the novel molecular basis that could explain gene expression...
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Mitochondrial ribosomes, often referred to as mitoribosomes, are unique essential organelles in cellular biology. They play a significant role in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion, a cellular powerhouse that generates most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. Amidst their fundamental role, mitoribosomes boast several distinct features setting them apart from their cytosolic counterparts.
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Ribosome splitting is a vitally significant process in the realm of molecular biology that ensures the fluidity of cellular functioning and the overall well being of organisms. The process underpins the expression of genetic information, the manufacture of protein molecules, and the regulation of homeostasis in cells.
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Ribosome stalling, a molecular mechanism that hinders the translation process in protein synthesis, has emerged as a crucial player in the regulation of gene expression and cellular homeostasis. It is a complex process in which ribosomes, the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis, come to a premature halt during translation, a phenomenon that could potentially lead to deleterious consequences.
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Ribosomes, the cellular machinery responsible for constructing proteins, are at the heart of most important biochemical processes. But even such crucial machinery can develop errors and need to be efficiently managed by the cell, a task primarily accomplished through Ribosome Ubiquitination (RU).
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The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells and certain types of algae, and within the chloroplast, the chloroplast ribosome is a critical, unique component that contributes to the process of photosynthesis. Like mitochondria, chloroplasts have their own genetic material and synthesize their own proteins.
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Ribosomal RNA, often referred to as rRNA, is a major component of the ribosomal structure in all other species, and its function is not only to participate in protein synthesis, degradation, and functional regulation, but also to catalyze biosynthetic reactions independently, which is of significant biological importance.
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Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) play a pivotal role in living organisms, participating in and manipulating various aspects of life activities, including cell signaling, immune responses, gene expression regulation, and biosynthesis of biomolecules, in a complex and precise manner.
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